
Since the dawn of time, water sources have been the cradle of human civilization. We have thrived around water and celebrated it as an elixir of life. India being an Agrarian society, water is found at the core of its societal, economic, political, and religious practices. Hence, it is no surprise that as civilization progressed, water sources gained importance and were built to monumental proportions. Hidden from the contemporary world, built around the importance of water are a wide range of subterranean structures, known as Stepwells. The primitive design of a Stepwell could be traced to a simple well dug by burrowing into the earth, but as the cities began to grow, so did the need for more consumable water all around the year. Hence, a structure with greater capacity for storage and easy accessibility to lower levels of the cistern was needed, resulting in the inception of Stepwells. The Stepwells represent a unique architecture of subtraction, where the construction of a multitude of platforms, passageways and landings are downward into the earth instead of the expected skyward direction. Stepwells are found across the arid regions of India, particularly in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Delhi, Maharashtra, and Karnataka, with each state having its own name for them such as Kund, Baori, Barav, Vav, and Pushkarni. Emerging from a central pool of water, Stepwells resembled tranquil courtyards enclosed within a mansion of steps. Designed around descending flights of stairs, their inner spaces formed alcoves, landings, and Jharokhas that offered respite from the harsh tropical sun. They became places of pause and gathering where travellers rested, women shared conversations, children explored hidden corners, and men cooled themselves in the water below. Deeply tied to India's ritualistic relationship with water, Stepwells also became integral to festivals, ceremonies, and moments of collective life. Built at a monumental scale, they inspired humility, drawing even kings and queens into their depths for ritual and ceremony. We at Material Immaterial Studio are particularly fascinated by these unique structures, not just for their marvellous engineering but for their holistic design and more importantly the aesthetic experience they behold. We found ourselves thoroughly engaged in the unfolding play of shadows that these structures cast upon themselves through the course of the day. The studio aims to recreate the spaces in nine of the most enticing Stepwells of India where textures and shadows on various surfaces of the Stepwell create a perfect symphony, thus celebrating the architectural spirit of these marvels.
Material Immaterial Studio
Curator